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The dataset contains 2,617 images from eight categories, with a naturally long‑tail label distribution. Data were collected in Bohai Bay using a remotely operated vehicle equipped with a multibeam forward‑looking sonar. Targets were tethered to buoys with ropes and suspended 5–10 m below the surface to reduce interference and aid positioning. Images were captured from various angles, distances (2–15 m), and frequencies (750 kHz, 1.2 MHz) to enrich the dataset.